Presenters and Chairperson
Physiological support To High Performance sports
Dr. G.L. Khanna
Professor and Dean
Faridabad Institute of Technology
Faridabad (Haryana) INDIA
Abstract. Sports physiology is all about how the individual’s body functions in response to the demands of a particular sport. The contemporary sports physiologist has a simple brief; that is to assist the enhancement of physical capabilities so the athlete is better equipped with the rigors of training and competition. In India Laboratory testing such as the VO2max test ,blood lactate profiling, body composition ,Cardiovascular responses ,strength assessment ,biochemical assessment of lipid profile and urea ,uric estimation are the common parameters being studied for the athlete belonging to all the sports dependent of whether you are a snooker player or marathon runner, but things are changing! One time assessments have been found to have limited value. Physiological support really comes alive when an athlete’s ability is viewed over time and against the training that is performed. Coaches and athletes are tackling the concept of maximizing each training day and the physiologist can empower the process by assisting the verification of training sessions or plans; and aiding recovery with the right kind of advice. The growing area of training profiling and monitoring of the athlete can act as feedback on the performance training and overall adaptation. When the basics are in place, supplementary areas such as altitude training, heat training, lung training, hydration, blood profiling, body composition, supplementation etc can come to the fore to add that little extra difference. The new areas of research in genetics, ergogenic supplements can be identified and basic work can be initiated. An integrating approach to apply the available information is lacking in India. A systematic and balanced approach is required for carrying out research and application.
Prof. G L Khanna is presently working as Dean in the Department of Health Sciences, Manav Rachna Educational Institute, Faridabad, India and prior to this he worked as Senior Scientific Officer, in Sports Authority of India; He was the co-ordinator and Head Sports Sciences department. He also worked as Professor (M) Sports Science, in University of Science Malaysia.and has played an active role in promoting sports sciences in India. He is MSc Ph.D. in Human Physiology. Presently he is member of steering committee of Govt of India for preparation of Indian Team for Commonwealth Games 2010. He has guided number of PhD students. He has acted as resource person for number of courses for medical doctors and had organized many Indian and International workshops, seminars, symposiums and conferences.He has provided scientific backup to various sportspersons and prepared many Indian sports persons for International competitions like Asian Games/Commonwealth/Olympics since 1982. Presently attached to Indian Women Hockey Team preparing for Common Wealth Games 2010.He was Member of core group of sports medicine in planning commission, Member of sports policy action plan of Govt of India, Member secretary of sports science review committee of Sports Authority of India ,Member of Academic council –Malaysia and Jamia Millia Islamia and member of Academic council of NSNIS Patiala.He has received many laurels, Oration Awards- S.R. Maitra oration award, B.B. Sarkar Memorial oration award and AOK Health best poster award –Australia. He is member of International Institute of Health promotion. He is also member of Fitness committee of International Institute of Health Promotion USA. He was member of New York academy of science, USA, International association of sports kinetics, Poland. He is an active member of Physiological society of India. And Indian association of sports Science and PE. With number of foreign assignment projects, He has visited many countries like USA, Brazil, UK, Greece, Germany ,Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, USSR, Korea . He has acted as Chairperson/Panelist in various International conferences. He has presented more than 100 papers in various National and International conferences.He has published more than 84 research papers in National and International Journals of repute .He has published Books on exercise physiology for sports persons .Recently he has published a book on Physiology for Therepeutics and Rehabilitation practices.
ChungGon Kim,
M.D, Ph.D
Physical Education & Sports
Science
National Institute of
Education, Nanyang Technological University
SINGAPORE
Abstract.
Landing phases of locomotion in various
exercise or sport situations have been widely studied, especially in relation to
knee injuries. Muscles typically experience eccentric contractions during the
landing phases of locomotion. The role of the eccentric contraction during
landing is either to dissipate energy (like a shock absorber) to decelerate the
body or to store elastic energy (like a spring) to produce more power in the
immediately following concentric contractions. While muscles as a spring are
important to improve consequent performances, their role as a shock absorber is
greatly important to prevent acute injuries in the knee in vigorous conditions.
As a shock absorber, muscles distribute the high impact load over the wider
range of joint angles taking longer period of time. The magnitude of ground
reaction force (GRF) at foot contact with ground in vigorous locomotion often
reaches over 10 times body weight, even when muscles are in work. Failure of
this role by the muscles will cause the body collapsing onto the ground if the
impact load is too high as in accidental falls, or greater transmission of the
load to joints if the load is not too high. In addition, relatively small but
repetitive impulsive forces applied to the knee joint during locomotion have
been suggested as a causative factor of chronic joint injuries such as the knee
osteoarthritis (OA). In both the cases, reducing the GRF in the knee joint at
foot-ground contact during the locomotion would reduce the chance of such
injuries. Studies have suggested that there is a strong association between the
degrees of knee extensor strength and GRF values in various conditions.
Specifically, individuals with greater knee extensor strength are likely to show
smaller GRF values. Weak knee extensors in knee OA patients was once only
considered as a result of knee pain, but evidence has been reported to show that
weak knee extensors cause increased GRF during locomotion, hence resulting in
knee OA. Consequently, one of the active strategies to reduce the chance of knee
injury would be improving knee extensor strength.
ChungGon Kim is an assistant professor in Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education (NIE) at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his Ph.D (2004) at University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. He also holds a medical doctor’s degree in Korea since 1993 and is a member of Korean Medical Association since then. His teaching subjects include motor control, neuromuscular control of human movements, skill acquisition, prevention and management of sports injuries, fitness and conditioning, etc. His research interests are leg muscle strength and knee joint kinetic and kinetic variables in relation to the knee injuries, the relationship between muscle strength and performance economy, speed of strength training as a strength and performance variable, physical and motor development as a sports talent identification variable in young individuals, etc. He is currently conducting several researches as a principle investigator, and one of which has been funded by AcRF in NIE. He currently serves as a reviewer for Journal of Athletic Training and The Journal of Korean Alliance of Martial Arts.
Effects of resistance exercise and protein consumption for muscle accretion
Yifan Yang, Ph.D.
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
Abstract. While maintaining or gaining skeletal muscle mass is emphasised in strength or power sports for athletic performances, skeletal muscle is often overlooked in endurance sports and most importantly for health. It is important for endurance athletes to have enough stimuli through exercise and protein consumption to maintain muscle mass and/or make new proteins including mitochondrial proteins that can be beneficial to their athletic performances. As the prevalence of heart diseases and cancer continue to capture our attention, let us not forget the increasing widespread of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, especially among developed countries; and the one process that all of us must go through: ageing. Maintaining high quality muscle mass is not only important in maintaining physical function, but also improves the outcome of treatment and quality of life, and extends the survival rate in caner patients. In addition, persevering skeletal muscle mass alone is crucial for long-term health and lowering the risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Sarcopenia, i.e. the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with ageing, directly reduces one’s ability to perform simple physical activities of daily living, and can have a debilitating effect on one’s quality of life. This presentation will highlight 1) the effects of resistance exercise (RE) alone on muscle accretion, 2) the effects of protein consumption alone on muscle accretion, and 3) the combined effects of RE and protein consumption on muscle accretion.
Yifan Yang is a postdoctoral fellow with Stuart Phillips, Ph.D. at McMaster University, Canada. Her research interests are in the integrative and multidisciplinary research on 1) human skeletal muscle with respect to aging, exercise, muscle disuse and unloading, and diseases, and 2) metabolism and nutrition. Prior to this position, Dr. Yang was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), U.S.A., working on NASA-funded projects involving the use of hypergravity exercises as a countermeasure to muscle atrophy during muscle unloading, such as space flight. Her research expertise ranges from whole-body to cellular physiological measurements including gene expression. She has worked with young and old (≥ 90 yr) men and women, and individuals of varying fitness levels including world-class athletes. She has presented at international conferences such as the Experimental Biology Conferences and the Annual Meetings of the American College of Sports Medicine. In addition, Dr. Yang has also taught upper level exercise physiology at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, U.S.A. and guest lectured at UCI. She also had several other teaching, coaching and personal training experiences. Dr. Yang is a Singaporean and represented Singapore in athletics and weightlifting. She is a member of the American Physiology Society, American College of Sports Medicine, and National Strength and Conditioning Association.
